In this paper, an exact geometric ALGORITHM is presented for solving two-job sequencing and scheduling problems in flexible flow shop and job shop environments while the resources are (un)available in some time periods and processors (un) availability is the same in all work centers. This study seems utterly new and it is applicable to any performance measure based on the completion time. The investigated models are very close to the actual scheduling problems, because they envisage the flexible job shop environments, heads, set-up times, arbitrary number of unavailability periods on all resources, arbitrary number of work-centers, any kind of cross-ability, any kind of resume-ability and several types of performance measures. The proposed model is presented to solve two-job problems because it is a GRAPHICAL approach. However, it is concluded that the idea can be extended to n-dimensional problems as well.

Background: Fluid and safe transportation is one of the necessary infrastructures for improvement of industries, enhancement of welfare level and relief services in each country. However, finding optimal routes for emergency relief services in a busy traffic network has a special significance. In recent years, a great interest for traffic modeling and determination of optimum route has been created in dynamic traffic networks for rescue and relief services due to improvement of intelligent transport systems. Methods: In this library research paper, GRAPHICAL ALGORITHM has been developed in order to find the shortest accessing time and its corresponding path between a pair of given points in an urban traffic network. This ALGORITHM has been composed of the Floyd- Warshall ALGORITHM to find the shortest accessing time; the  p ALGORITHM to find the shortest path corresponding to the shortest accessing time; and also Davidson traffic function to evaluate necessary time to move from a vertex to next one on a certain path. Then, using field studies and collecting traffic data, the ALGORITHM is implemented on the traffic network.Findings: The described ALGORITHM has been implemented on the traffic network of the downtown part of Shahroud city. Also, the shortest accessing time between each pairs of given points and its corresponding paths have been determined in order to rapid dispatch of relief vehicles.Conclusion: according to the results, it is possible to develop intelligent navigation systems with applying the ALGORITHM. Those systems may be particularly used to organize and dispatch rescue vehicles to accident region.

In this paper, a new approach for the time arrangement of the resources and its applications is presented. If sequence of jobs is neither deterministic nor controllable, then sequencing and scheduling issue will knot to the decision making under conflict and uncertainty that has been addressed in the context of sequencing and scheduling models for the first time in here. Models created under these conditions are namedwariness models. In this paper, a general approach is presented for the solution of such problems and moreover, a pessimistic-based method for solving the problems with the fixed resources arrangement is introduced. Anti-Akers-x ALGORITHM has been propounded to determine identical job sequences in ann × m environment to maximize Fmax. The wariness models complexity is checked and then an application example is propounded from the wariness models and it was solved using Anti-Akers-x ALGORITHM and the solution obtained was checked by the general method. Finally, Anti-Akers-x ALGORITHM’s validation and verification are tested. It is concluded that: the related problems must be solved by game theory and the presented schedule is able to solve this strongly NPhard problems correctly and in reasonable time duration.

2Living together without formal marriage, which is called cohabitation, has become popular in the world and also in our country in recent years. Cohabitation known as white marriage, domestic, biological couple, clinical. In the Oxford dictionary, it is defined as husband and wife living together. The main aim of the current research is to explain the attitude of students towards cohabitation, and also to compare the attitudes of male and female students using social learning theory, and to answer this question, what is the difference between male and female students' attitude of University Mazandaran towards cohabitation? The sample of this research is 246 students of University of Mazandaran. Simple random sampling method was used in this research. In this way, the online questionnaire was given to the research sample population without the researcher having any information about their attitude towards coexistence or their experience in the field of coexistence. Spss software was used for data analysis. The findings show that a total of 19.1 percent of the total sample are against and completely against cohabitation. The comparison between women and men also shows that 19.8% of women and 17.8% of men are against cohabitation. About half of the students also have an intermediate attitude (neither in favor nor against) towards cohabitation. The findings related to the difference in attitude towards cohabitation show that there is no significant difference between male and female students, but from the behavioral aspect, men have experienced cohabitation more than women. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the differential association variable affects cognitive and behavioral cohabitation. The variable of differential reinforcement has had a significant effect on cognitive, emotional and behavioral cohabitation and the variable of imitation has had a significant effect on emotional cohabitation. Also, the findings of the research show that the differential association in women has a significant effect on the (total) cohabitation, but it is not significant among men.

In many societies, extra-marital relationships are strongly stigmatized and have become one of the most important issues among couples. This article aimed to investigate attitudes married women toward extramarital relationships, which tries to explain this issue by social learning theory. This study was conducted using the survey method among 80 married women of Babol city which examined their attitudes toward extra-marital relationships through a self-administered questionnaire. They were selected by non-random sampling method (snowball). The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship among three variables (differential association, differential reinforcement, and imitation) from social learning theory with the attitude towards extramarital relationships and all its dimensions.The results of multiple regression analysis show that the independent variable of the reward has the most predictability on the dependent variable. In general, the results confirm the propositions related to the social learning theory and show that the attitude to extramarital relationship increases under the influence of rewards, punishments and imitation from the media is strengthened and its repeatability increases. According to social learning theory, both overt behavior and cognitive definitions related to extramarital relationship are created with two dimensions of differential reinforcement and imitation, both of which function discriminative stimuli for the behavior.

Let R be a commutative ring and I an ideal of R. The zero-divisor graph of R with respect to I, denoted by GI (R), is the simple graph whose vertex set is {xÎR\I | xyÎI, for some yÎR\I}, with two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xyÎI. In this paper, we state a relation between zero-divisor graph of R with respect to an ideal and almost prime ideals of R. We then use this result to give a GRAPHICAL characterization for SPAP-rings.

Introduction GRAPHICAL mixture models provide a powerful tool to visually depict the conditional independence relationships between high-dimensional heterogeneous data. In the study of GRAPHICAL mixture models, the distribution of the mixture components is mostly considered multivariate normal with different covariance matrices. The resulting model is the Gaussian GRAPHICAL mixture model (GGMM). The nonparanormal GRAPHICAL mixture model (NGMM) has been introduced by replacing the normal assumption with a semiparametric Gaussian copula, which extends the nonparanormal GRAPHICAL model and mixture models. This study proposes clustering based on NGMM under two forms of ℓ, 1 penalty functions. Its performance is compared with clustering based on GGMM, in terms of cluster reconstruction and parameters estimation. Material and Methods The clustering based on NGMM is performed via a penalized EM ALGORITHM under conventional and unconventional forms of ℓ, 1 penalty functions (denoted by NGMM0 and NGMM1, respectively) and its performance over Gaussian and non-Gaussian simulated data sets are compared with the Gaussian ones (represented by GGMM0 and GGMM1, respectively). Along with the conventional ℓ, 1 penalty, an alternative, unconventional penalty term is considered, which depends on the mixture proportions. Thus, the choice of mixture model distribution (Gaussian or nonparanormal) along with the choice of penalty function has emerged as the primary key of comparison. To better compare the studied methods in terms of robustness against outliers, we considered deterministic and random contamination mechanisms. The proposed methodology is applied to Wisconsin diagnostic breast cancer data set to diagnose malignant or benign cancer patients. Results and Discussion The results of the simulation study on normal and nonparanormal datasets in ideal and noisy settings, as well as the application of breast cancer data set, showed that clustering approaches based on NGMM (NGMM0 and NGMM1) are more efficient and robust in the recovery of true cluster assignments than the clustering based on GGMM (GGMM0 and GGMM1), whereas, the unconventional PMLEs (GGMM1 and NGMM1) are more efficient in estimating the elements of precision matrices than the conventional PMLEs (GGMM0 and NGMM0). Conclusion The performance of clustering methods depends on the choice of penalty function and model selection, such that the combination of the nonparanormal GRAPHICAL mixture model and the penalty term depending on the mixing proportions (NGMM1) is more accurate than Gaussian ones in terms of cluster reconstruction and parameters estimation.

The main objective of this paper is to explain the process of engagement of individuals in sports betting. Hence, the hypotheses were tested by collecting the necessary data through distributing questionnaires among a sample of 272 students of the universities of the city of Rasht. The Akers theory of social learning was applied. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between aspects of social learning theory, i. e. differential association, differential reinforcements, imitation and definition and consumption level and inclination towards sports betting of the respondents. Also the regression model of the research showed that the conceptual aspects of the social learning theory can predict 0. 41 of variations of consumption level of sports betting and 0. 47 percent of variations of inclination towards sports betting. Also the respondents who are engaged in betting in extreme and pathological forms have received higher level of social and environmental impacts compared to the occasional professional gamblers and non-gamblers. In general, The findings of this research indicate that the level of participation of students in betting activities and the level of their tendency towards such activities take place in the social milieu and any change in the behavioral patterns stemming from social context in the first place requires introduction of suitable cultural patterns and in the second place it needs preventive and supportive programs for the target groups.

This study focuses on the investigation of intelligent form-finding and vibration analysis of a triangular polyhedral tensegrity that is enclosed within a sphere and subjected to external loads. The nonlinear dynamic equations of the system are derived using the Lagrangian approach and the finite element method. The proposed form-finding approach, which is based on a basic genetic ALGORITHM, can determine regular or irregular tensegrity shapes without dimensional constraints. Stable tensegrity structures are generated from random configurations and based on defined constraints (nodes located on the sphere, parallelism, and area of upper and lower surfaces), and shape finding is performed using the fitness function of the genetic ALGORITHM and multi-objective optimization goals. The genetic ALGORITHM's efficacy in determining the shape of structures with unpredictable configurations is evaluated in two distinct scenarios: one involving a known connection matrix and the other involving fixed or random member positions (struts and cables). The shapes obtained from the ALGORITHM suggested in this study are validated using the force density approach, and their vibration characteristics are examined. The findings of the comparative study demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in determining the vibrational behavior of tensegrity structures through the utilization of intelligent shape seeking techniques.

GRAPHICAL passwords are the ways in which user click on the image or user can select the image to authenticate themselves instead of giving passwords. This technique is more secure that textual password techniques. In this article, the shoulder surfing preventive mechanism of GRAPHICAL password authentication is given. Finally the login password system is proposed to deal with such type of problems. First time, we are introducing a modified approach is given to resolve the shoulder surfing based on recall and recognition based concepts. Usually it is seen that the most common vulnerability of GRAPHICAL password is shoulder surfing attack. This research aims to analyze the usability feature of recognition based and recall based GRAPHICAL password methods and present a technique to apply an image based password that is safe from the shoulder surfing attack. In the similar context, the purpose of this paper is to present an alternative way to apply the recall and recognition based technique that will be protective for guess through shoulder surfing. And this GRAPHICAL technique will be easy to memories the authentication password and process of authentication.